Reparação da parede abdominal com membranas acelulares de pericárdio bovino - Parte II - Análises histológicas e morfométricas / Repair of the abdominal wall with acellular bovine pericardial membranes - Part II - Histological and morphometric analyses

Introdução: Análise histológica é a principal ferramenta de avaliação de biopróteses acelulares, em sua maioria em caráter experimental. O objetivo é analisar histologicamente a matriz acelular de pericárdio bovino em reparações de parede abdominal implantada em humanos. Método: De uma série de 30 reparações com a membrana, 3 pacientes foram submetidas a revisão cirúrgica não relacionada aos implantes, aos 13, 22 e 23 meses de pós-operatório, obtendo-se biópsias das áreas previamente implantadas. Além da avaliação dos aspectos básicos de biocompatibilidade e neoformação tecidual, as lâminas foram digitalizadas e submetidas a análise computadorizada com o software ImageJ para quantificação da cinética de degradação das membranas, associada à análise da dimensão fractal das amostras. Os valores obtidos para porcentagens de membrana residual tiveram suas médias comparadas por análise de variância (ANOVA) e pelo teste T de Student não pareado, também utilizado para os valores da quantificação da dimensão fractal. Resultados: Foi demonstrada a biocompatibilidade do material, com neoformação tecidual, deposição de colágeno e tecido celularizado de aspecto normal, sem reações locais importantes. Fragmentos residuais da membrana foram quantificados em 40%±7% aos 13 meses, em 20%±6% aos 22 meses e em 17%±6% aos 23 meses de pós-operatório, com a análise da dimensão fractal indicando uma progressiva degradação dos implantes, com significância estatística entre 13 meses e as amostras tardias. Conclusão: Os resultados atestaram a funcionalidade do pericárdio bovino acelular sob diferentes níveis de estresse mecânico nas reparações da parede abdominal em humanos.

Introduction: Histological analysis is the main tool for evaluating acellular bioprostheses, mostly on an experimental basis. The objective is to histologically analyze the acellular matrix of bovine pericardium in abdominal wall repairs implanted in humans. Method: From a series of 30 repairs with the membrane, 3 patients underwent surgical revision unrelated to the implants at 13, 22, and 23 months postoperatively, obtaining biopsies of the previously implanted areas. In addition to evaluating the basic aspects of biocompatibility and tissue neoformation, the slides were digitalized and subjected to computerized analysis with the ImageJ software to quantify the kinetics of membrane degradation associated with the analysis of the fractal dimension of the samples. The values obtained for percentages of residual membrane had their means compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the unpaired Student's T test, also used for the fractal dimension quantification values. Results: The biocompatibility of the material was demonstrated, with tissue neoformation, collagen deposition, and cellularized tissue with a normal appearance without important local reactions. Residual fragments of the membrane were quantified at 40%±7% at 13 months, at 20%±6% at 22 months, and at 17%±6% at 23 months postoperatively, with the analysis of the fractal dimension indicating a progressive degradation of implants, with statistical significance between 13 months and late samples. Conclusion: The results confirmed the functionality of the acellular bovine pericardium under different levels of mechanical stress in abdominal wall repairs in humans.

Use of Ozonized Water in the Prevention of Surgical Site Infection in Children Undergoing Cardiovascular Surgery

ABSTRACT Introduction: Since the reduction of healthcare-associated infections has been a focus for quality patient care, this study aimed to evaluate the surgical site infection rate of children who underwent cardiovascular surgery after implementation of ozonized water system for hand and body hygiene allied to previously implemented preventive measures. Methods: Two uniformly comparable groups of pediatric patients underwent cardiovascular surgery. Group A (187) patients were operated prior to installation of ozonized water system (March 1 to August 31, 2019), and group B (214) patients were operated after installation of ozonized water system (October 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020). Ozonized water was used for professional hand hygiene and patient body hygiene. Results: There was statistical significance for surgical site infection reduction in group B (P=0.0289), with a relative risk of 0.560 (95% confidence interval = 0.298 to 0.920), inferring the risk of being diagnosed with surgical site infections in group B was 44% less than in group A. There was no statistical significance regarding mechanical ventilation time (P=0.1998) or mortality (P=0.4457). Conclusion: Ozonized water for professional hand hygiene and patient body hygiene was an adjuvant combined with traditional preventive methods to reduce the risk of surgical site infection, although no impact on hospital stay or mortality was observed.

Ângulo de fase como potencial marcador do estado nutricional de pacientes em terapia intensiva / Phase angle as a potential marker of nutritional status of intensive care patients / El ángulo de fase como posible marcador del estado nutricional de los pacientes de cuidados intensivos

RESUMO Objetivo: verificar associação do ângulo de fase com estado nutricional, tempo de internação e óbito de pacientes críticos. Métodos: estudo longitudinal com 57 pacientes críticos avaliados na admissão em unidade de terapia intensiva durante o ano de 2019, no interior de São Paulo - BR. O ângulo de fase foi obtido por bioimpedância elétrica, e a avaliação nutricional, pelo instrumento de avaliação subjetiva global e antropometria. Os dados foram associados ao tempo de internação e óbito. Para a análise, utilizaram-se testes de Mann-Whitney e Qui-quadrado de Pearson. Resultados: na avaliação subjetiva global, 59,6% dos pacientes apresentavam risco nutricional, e em 91,2% o ângulo de fase estava baixo. A desnutrição foi associada ao maior tempo de internação hospitalar (p=0,001) em unidade de terapia intensiva (p =0,023). Verificou-se tendência ao óbito no grupo com risco nutricional (p=0,054). Conclusão: o ângulo de fase pode contribuir para melhor acurácia da avaliação nutricional, principalmente, quando combinado com outros métodos de avaliação.

ABSTRACT Objective: to verify the association of phase angle with nutritional status, length of hospitalization and death in critically ill patients. Methods: longitudinal study with 57 critically ill patients evaluated upon admission to an intensive care unit during the year 2019, in the countryside of São Paulo - BR. The phase angle was obtained by electrical bioimpedance, and nutritional assessment, by the global subjective assessment instrument and anthropometry. The data were associated with the time of hospitalization and death. For the analysis, Mann-Whitney and Pearson's chi-square tests were used. Results: in the global subjective evaluation, 59.6% of the patients presented nutritional risk, and in 91.2% the phase angle was low. Malnutrition was associated with longer hospital stay (p=0.001) in intensive care unit (p=0.023). There was a tendency to death in the group with nutritional risk (p=0.054). Conclusion: The phase angle can contribute to a better accuracy in nutritional assessment, especially when combined with other assessment methods.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Verificar la asociación del ángulo de fase con el estado nutricional, la duración de la estancia hospitalaria y la muerte en pacientes críticos. Métodos: estudio longitudinal con 57 pacientes críticos evaluados al ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos durante el año 2019, en el interior de São Paulo - BR. El ángulo de fase se obtuvo mediante bioimpedancia eléctrica, y la valoración nutricional, mediante el instrumento de valoración subjetiva global y la antropometría. Los datos se asociaron al momento de la hospitalización y a la muerte. Para el análisis se utilizaron las pruebas de Mann-Whitney y Chi-cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados: en la evaluación subjetiva global, el 59,6% de los pacientes presentó riesgo nutricional, y en el 91,2% el ángulo de fase fue bajo. La desnutrición se asoció a una mayor estancia hospitalaria (p=0,001) en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (p=0,023). Hubo una tendencia a la muerte en el grupo con riesgo nutricional (p=0,054). Conclusión: el ángulo de fase puede contribuir a una mayor precisión en la evaluación nutricional, especialmente cuando se combina con otros métodos de evaluación.

Influência de um Protocolo de Mobilização Precoce no comportamento autonômico de pacientes submetidos a Angioplastia Coronária Transluminal Percutânea / Influence of an Early Mobilization Protocol on the Autonomic Behavior of Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty

Resumo Fundamento: Gráficos de recorrência (GR) permitem uma análise não linear da variabilidade de frequência cardíaca (VFC) e fornecem informações sobre o sistema nervoso autônomo (SNA). Objetivos: Avaliar se a mobilização precoce em pacientes submetidos a angioplastia coronária transluminal percutânea (ACTP) influencia os componentes quantitativos e qualitativos dos GR. Métodos: Um total de 32 participantes que foram submetidos a ACTP foram divididos entre um grupo de controle (GC - sem exercícios físicos) e grupo de mobilização precoce (GMP - com exercícios físicos) A frequência cardíaca batimento a batimento foi registrada utilizando um cardiofrequencímetro em ambos os grupos na admissão e na alta. Os índices lineares nos domínios de tempo e frequência foram analisados, bem como os índices não lineares obtidos pelos GR. O protocolo fisioterapêutico de mobilização precoce começou 12-18 horas após a ACTP. Um teste T não pareado bicaudal foi utilizado para as comparações, e p-valores <0,05 foram aceitos como significativos. Resultados: Ao comparar os dois grupos, na alta, o GMP apresentou um aumento no SDNN (23,55 ± 12,05 a 37,29 ± 16,25; p=0,042), índice triangular (8,99 ± 3,03 a 9,66 ± 3,07; p=0,014) e VLF (694,20 ± 468,20 a 848,37 ± 526,51; p=0,004), mas não apresentou alterações significativas na avaliação não linear. Além disso, na análise qualitativa dos GR, observou-se um padrão mais difuso e menos geométrico no GMP, indicando maior variabilidade, enquanto no GC, notou-se um padrão geométrico mais alterado. Conclusão: O protocolo de mobilização precoce promove uma melhoria no comportamento autonômico, conforme avaliado por VFC e GR, e pode ser considerado um procedimento útil para a melhor recuperação de pacientes submetidos a ACTP.

Abstract Background: Recurrence Plots (RP) enable a nonlinear analysis of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and provide information on the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS). Objectives: To evaluate whether early ambulation in patients undergoing Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) influences the quantitative and qualitative components of RP. Methods: A total of 32 participants who underwent PTCA were divided into a Control Group (CG - no physical exercises) and an Early Ambulation Group (EAG - with physical exercises). Beat-to-beat heart rate was recorded using a heart rate monitor in both groups upon admission and discharge. The linear indices in the time and frequency domains were analyzed, and nonlinear indices were obtained through RP. The Early Ambulation Physical Therapy Protocol began 12-18 hours after PTCA. A two-tailed unpaired t-test was used for comparisons, and p-values < 0.05 were accepted as significant. Results: When comparing both groups, upon discharge, EAG showed an increase in SDNN (23.55 ± 12.05 to 37.29 ± 16.25; p=0.042), Triangular Index (8.99 ± 3.03 to 9.66 ± 3.07; p=0.014), and VLF (694.20 ± 468.20 to 848.37 ± 526.51; p=0.004), but without significant changes in the nonlinear evaluation. In addition, in the qualitative analysis of RP, a more diffuse and less geometric pattern was observed in EAG, indicating greater variability, while in CG, an altered and more geometric pattern was noted. Conclusion: The Early Ambulation Protocol promotes an improvement in autonomic behavior as evaluated by HRV and by RP, which can thus be considered a useful procedure for better recovery of patients undergoing PTCA.

Respiratory and muscular effects of a physiotherapy protocol carried out during hemodialysis in individuals with chronic renal failure: preliminary results

Abstract Aim: To analyze whether the proposed physiotherapy protocol during hemodialysis (HD) increases knee extensor muscle strength, palmar grip strength, respiratory muscle strength, lung function, and functional capacity of individuals with Chronic Renal Insufficiency (CRI) on HD. Methods: A preliminary results study, in which physical therapy intervention was performed in 11 subjects (49.2 ± 8.6 years) with CRI on HD treatment. Initially, Heart Rate Variability (HRV) was collected, with the individual at rest, for 15 minutes, and later, HRV linear and non-linear analyses were performed using HRV Kubios Premium Software. The protocol was performed in the first two hours of the HD session, three times a week for eight weeks, consisting of respiratory exercises, aerobic exercises, and electrical stimulation associated with progressive resistive exercises. The variables evaluated were respiratory muscle strength, knee extensor muscle strength, palmar grip strength, lung function, and functional capacity. Student's t-tests for paired samples and Wilcoxon's tests for non-parametric samples were used considering a significance level of 5%. Results: There was a significant increase in expiratory muscle strength (p = 0,012; Cohen's d = 0,59), knee extensor muscle strength (p = 0,025; Cohen's d = 0,77), palmar grip strength (P = 0,001; Cohen's d = 0,52) and functional capacity (P = 0,009; Cohen's d = 0,83). Conclusion: The proposed protocol is effective in increasing knee extensor muscle strength, palmar grip strength, expiratory muscle strength, and functional capacity of individuals with CRI on HD.

Evaluation of cardiac autonomic modulation using symbolic dynamics after cardiac transplantation

Abstract Objective: To characterize the behavior of cardiac autonomic modulation in individuals with different times after orthotopic heart transplantation (HTx) using symbolic dynamics analysis. Methods: Sixty patients were evaluated after HTx. We recorded their instantaneous R-R intervals (RRi) by cardiac monitor Polar® RS800CX™ (Polar Electro Oy, Kempele, Finland) for 10 minutes. The same sequence of RRi with 256 consecutive beats was used to perform spectral analysis and symbolic dynamics analysis. We used hierarchical clustering to form groups. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (with Holm-Sidak method) or one-way Kruskal-Wallis test (with Dunn´s post-hoc test) was used to analyze the difference between groups. Linear correlation analysis between variables was performed using Pearson's or Spearman's tests. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The 0V% index increased, the 2UV% index and the normalized complexity index decreased with an increase of HTx postoperative time. There were a negative correlation between complexity indexes and 0V% and a positive correlation between complexity indexes and 2UV%. Conclusion: Symbolic dynamics indexes were able to show a specific cardiac autonomic modulation pattern for HTx recipients with different postoperative times.

Estudo da utilização de metilfenidato em uma unidade básica de saúde / Study of use of methylphenidate in a basic healthcare unit

Introdução: Considerando o elevado consumo de metilfenidato, fármaco psicoestimulante empregado no tratamento do Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade, verifica-se a necessidade de monitoramento da sua utilização. Objetivo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever a utilização de metilfenidato em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde de São José do Rio Preto/SP, Brasil. Casuística e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo exploratório. Foram analisadas as notificações de receita de metilfenidato de 99 pacientes no período de janeiro a setembro de 2017. A coleta dos dados demográficos, clínicos e farmacológicos, foi realizada através do sistema informatizado do Componente Básico da Assistência Farmacêutica da farmácia da unidade. Resultados: A idade dos usuários de metilenidato variou de cinco a 44 anos de idade. Houve predomínio do sexo masculino (78%). A maioria das notificações era do setor privado (59%). Identificou-se prescrição por seis diferentes especialidades médicas, sendo que a maior parte foi prescrita pela neurologia (58%), seguida pela neurologia pediátrica (23%). Quanto à dosagem do metilfenidato, a concentração diária mais frequente foi de 20 mg em 49% das notificações. A maior dosagem prescrita foi de 60 mg para um paciente adulto. A maior parte dos pacientes em uso de metilfenidato eram crianças entre cinco e 12 anos de idade (64%), e destes, 66% eram do sexo masculino. Conclusão: Verifica-se predomínio da prescrição do metilfenidato para crianças do sexo masculino. As dosagens variam entre 10 e 60 mg. A maior parte das prescrições foi emitida por neurologistas e psiquiatras de estabelecimentos privados, entretanto, identificou-se a prescrição por profissionais não especializados em saúde mental.

Introduction: The methylphenidate is a psychostimulant drug used for the treatment of Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity with high consumption, and its monitoring is necessary. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the use of methylphenidate in a Basic Healthcare Unit in São José do Rio Preto/SP, Brazil. Patients and Methods: This is an exploratory and descriptive study. Methylphenidate prescriptions were analyzed related to 99 patients during the period from January to September 2017. The demographic, clinical and pharmacological data were collected using the computerized system of the drug product dispensing department of the healthcare unit. Results: Age ranged from five to 44 years of age. There was a predominance of males (78%). The majority of notifications were from the private sector (59%). It was identified the prescription from six different medical specialties, and the most of it was prescribed by neurology (58%), followed by pediatric neurology (23%). As for the dosage of methylphenidate, the most frequent daily concentration found in the prescriptions was 20 mg (49% of prescriptions). The highest dosage prescribed was 60 mg for an adult patient. The most part of patients using methylphenidate were children between five and 12 years of age (64%), which 66% were male. Conclusion: There is a predominance of prescription of methylphenidate for male children. The dosages vary between 10 and 60 mg. The majority of the prescriptions were issued by neurologists and psychiatrists of private establishments. Furthermore, it was identified the prescription by professionals who are not specialized in mental health.

Diagnostic Relevance of Recurrence Plots for the Characterization of Health, Disease or Death in Humans / Relevância diagnóstica dos Gráficos de Recorrência na caracterização de Saúde, Doença ou Morte, em humanos

INTRODUCTION: Recurrence plots have been increasingly used to evaluate complex dynamic systems of which the human body is an excellent model. The different quantitative and qualitative elements of recurrence plots in health, disease, and death were analysed. A time series of normal heartbeats were collected in healthy newborns, healthy children, healthy young adults, healthy middle-aged adults, elderly individuals living in nursing homes, individuals with advanced chronic kidney disease, and individuals with declared brain death or in a state of imminent death. Healthy young adults showed the best homeostasis (lower recurrence). Healthy newborns and individuals with declared brain death or in a state of imminent death had higher recurrence values. At the qualitative visual level, healthy young adults showed a more diffuse and uniform distribution, indicative of better homeostasis; for individuals with declared brain death or in a state of imminent death this was totally linear - the worst condition. A parabolic pattern was clearly evidenced. In conclusion, it was possible, using the correlation of only two variables (SDNN and TT), to easily differentiate states of health, disease, and death using recurrence plots

Gráficos de recorrência (GR) têm sido utilizados para avaliar sistemas dinâmicos complexos, sendo o corpo humano um excelente modelo. Foram analisados os elementos quantitativos e qualitativos do GR na diferenciação de Saúde, Doença e Morte. Séries temporais de batimentos cardíacos normais foram coletadas em recém-nascidos saudáveis (Grupo A1), crianças saudáveis (Grupo A2), adultos jovens saudáveis (Grupo A3), adultos saudáveis de meia-idade (Grupo A4), idosos residentes em casas de repouso (Grupo B ), indivíduos com doença renal crônica avançada (Grupo C) e indivíduos com morte encefálica declarada ou em estado de morte iminente (Grupo D). O grupo A3 apresentou a melhor homeostase (menor recorrência). Os grupos A1 e D apresentaram os maiores valores de recorrência. Em termos visuais qualitativos, o Grupo A3 apresentou distribuição mais difusa e uniforme, um indicativo de melhor homeostase e o Grupo D foi totalmente linear, a pior condição. Um padrão parabólico foi claramente evidenciado. Em conclusão, foi possível, utilizando a correlação de apenas duas variáveis (SDNN e TT), diferenciar tanto de modo quantitativo como qualitativo os estados de Saúde, Doença e Morte usando GR.

Effect of preoperative creatinine levels on mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: an observational study

Abstract Introduction: Renal function is an independent risk factor for mortality among on-pump coronary bypass grafting (ONCABG) patients. This association is well known in the international literature, but there is a lack of knowledge of how admission creatinine (AC) levels modulate each cardiovascular risk factor. Objective: The aim of this paper was to assess the effect of different AC levels on mortality among ONCABG patients. Methods: 1,599 patients who underwent ONCABG between December 1999 and February 2006 at Hospital de Base in São José do Rio Preto/SP-Brazil were included. They were divided into quartiles according to their AC levels (QI: 0.2 ≤AC < 1.0 mg/dL; QII: 1.0 ≤ AC < 1.2 mg/dL; QIII: 1.2 ≤ AC < 1.4 mg/dL; and QIV: 1.4 ≤ AC ≤ 2.6 mg/dL). Seven risk factors were then evaluated in each stratum. Results: Mortality was higher in the QIV group than QI or QII groups. Factors such as age (≥ 65 years) and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time (≥ 115 minutes) in QIV, as well preoperative hospital stay (≥ 5 days) in QIII, were associated with higher mortality rates. Creatinine variation greater than or equal to 0.4 mg/dL increased mortality rates in all groups. The use of intra-aortic balloon pump and dialysis increased mortality rates in all groups except for QII. Type I neurological dysfunction increased the mortality rate in the QII and III groups. Conclusion: Creatinine levels play an important role in ONCABG mortality. The combination of selected risk factors and higher AC values leads to a worse prognosis. On the other hand, lower AC values were associated with a protective effect, even among elderly patients and those with a high CPB time.

Surgical treatment for congenital heart defects in down syndrome patients

Abstract Objective: To analyze data related to surgical treatment in patients with congenital heart defects (CHD) and Down syndrome (DS) based on information from International Quality Improvement Collaborative Database for Congenital Heart Disease (IQIC). Methods: Between July 1, 2010 and December 31, 2017, 139 patients with CHD and DS underwent surgery at Hospital de Base and Hospital da Criança e Maternidade de São José do Rio Preto (FUNFARME)/Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto - SP (FAMERP). A quantitative, observational and cross-sectional study was performed in which the pre, intra and postoperative data were analyzed in an IQIC database. The data included gender, age, prematurity, weight, preoperative procedures, diagnosis, associated cardiac and non-cardiac anomalies, Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery (RACHS-1), type of surgery, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), perfusion time, aortic clamping time and CPB temperature, bacterial sepsis, surgical site infection and other infections, length of stay in intensive care unit (ICU), length of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality. Results: The most prevalent procedures were complete atrioventricular septal defect repair (58 - 39.45%), followed by closure of ventricular septal defect (36 - 24.49%). The RACHS-1 categories 1, 2, 3 and 4 were distributed as 22 (15%); 49 (33.3%); 72 (49%) and 4 (2.7%), respectively. There were no procedures classified as categories 5 or 6. Bacterial sepsis occurred in 10.2% of cases, surgical site infection in 6.1%, other infections in 14.3%. The median length of ICU stay was 5 days and the median length of hospital stay was 11 days. In-hospital mortality was 6.8%. Conclusion: Surgical treatment in patients with CHD and DS usually does not require highly complex surgical procedures, but are affected by infectious complications, resulting in a longer ICU and hospital length of stay with considerable mortality.

Impact of periodontal disease on late morbimortality (10 years) of pacientes with acute coronary syndrome / Impacto da doença periodontal na morbimortalidade tardia (10 anos) de pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda

Background: It is known that predisposing factors for periodontal disease (PD) and cardiovascular diseases are similar, just as dissemination of oral flora pathogens can induce the development of cardiovascular diseases, which play a direct role on the morbimortality of patients. Objective: To assess the impact of periodontal disease in the presence of acute coronary syndrome on late morbimortality after long-term follow-up of patients (10 years). Methods: The historical prospective study of continuous assessment was based on the evaluation of 345 medical records of patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome, divided into 3 groups: edentulous, with periodontal disease and without periodontal disease. The patients studied were in the ICU, in 2006, with a clinical picture of acute coronary syndrome submitted to invasive stratification with coronary angiography on the basis of clinical indication and were reassessed over the next 10 years. The qualitative variables were compared using the Chi-square test. Long-term mortality was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier curves, quantified with the hazard ratio (HR) and a confidence interval of 95% and compared through Cox regression. P values of less than or equal to 0.05 were regarded as statistically significant. Results: Of the 345 patients, 233 had at least one coronary obstruction greater than or equal to 50%, being the main group for comparison according to the different status of periodontal disease (without periodontal disease, with periodontal disease and edentulous). In his cardiovascular condition, we found a difference in mortality among edentulous patients compared to those free of periodontal disease, with a p = 0.004 and a hazard ratio of 10.496 (95% CI: 4.988-22.089). A is ignificant difference was also noted between edentulous patients and patients with periodontal disease, with a p = 0.0017 and a hazard ratio of 2.512 (95% CI: 1.491-4.234). Conclusion: A significant increase in mortality was found according with the progression of periodontal disease, which justifies its classification as an important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, as well as the need for prevention and treatment of oral diseases

Desnutrição e complicações clínicas em pacientes cirúrgicos com doença colorretal / Malnutrition and clinical outcomes in surgical patients with colorectal disease

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is a frequent condition among hospitalized patients and a factor of increased risk of postoperative complication. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of malnutrition on phase angle (PA), body water distribution and clinical outcomes in surgical patients with colorectal disease. METHODS: This retrospective study was performed in a tertiary hospital with 40 patients admitted electively. In the preoperative evaluation, global subjective assessment and bioelectrical impedance analysis were performed to determine nutritional status, PA, extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water (ICW) and total body water (TBW). In postoperative evaluation, the length of hospital stay and severe complications, according to Clavien-Dindo classification, were determined. The optimal PA cutoff for malnutrition screening was determined by ROC curve analysis. RESULTS: Seventeen (42.5%) patients were diagnosed as malnourished and 23 (57.5%) as well-nourished according to global subjective assessment. Twelve (30.0%) patients developed severe complications. The malnourished group presented lower values of serum albumin (P=0.012), hematocrit (P=0.026) and PA (P=0.002); meanwhile, ECW/ICW (P=0.019) and ECW/TBW (P=0.047) were higher. Furthermore, 58.8% of malnourished patients developed severe postoperative complications compared to 8.7% of well-nourished. Malnutrition was independent predictor of severe postoperative complications (OR=15.00, IC: 2.63-85.68, P=0.002). The optimal PA cutoff obtained was 6.0º (AUC=0.82, P=0.001), yielding sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 76.5%, 87.0%, 81.3% and 83.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Malnutrition was an independent predictive factor for severe complications in patients underwent to elective major coloproctological surgery. Besides that, malnutrition was associated with lower PA values and greater ratio of ECW. The PA provided great accuracy in nutritional screening, implying a useful marker of malnutrition.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: A desnutrição é uma condição frequente entre pacientes hospitalizados e é um fator de risco para complicações pós-operatórias. OBJETIVO: Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o impacto da desnutrição sobre o ângulo de fase (AF), a distribuição de água corporal e complicações clínicas em pacientes cirúrgicos com doença colorretal. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo realizado em um hospital universitário terciário com 40 pacientes admitidos eletivamente. Na avaliação pré-operatória, foram realizadas a avaliação subjetiva global e análise de bioimpedância elétrica com a finalidade de determinarem o estado nutricional, AF, água extracelular (AEC), água intracelular (AIC) e água corporal total (ACT). Na avaliação pós-operatória, o tempo de internação hospitalar e a presença de complicações graves, segundo a classificação de Clavien-Dindo, foram determinados. O melhor ponto de corte do AF para o rastreamento de desnutrição foi obtido a partir da análise da curva ROC. RESULTADOS: Dezessete (42,5%) pacientes foram diagnosticados como desnutridos e 23 (57,5%), como bem nutridos de acordo com a avaliação subjetiva global. Doze (30,0%) pacientes desenvolveram complicações pós-operatórias graves. O grupo desnutrido apresentou menores valores de albumina sérica (P=0,012), hematócrito (P=0,026) e AF (P=0,002); enquanto que as relações de AEC/AIC (P=0,019) e AEC/ACT (P=0,047) estiveram elevadas. Além disso, 58,8% dos pacientes desnutridos desenvolveram complicações pós-operatórias graves em comparação a 8,7% dos pacientes bem nutridos. A desnutrição foi fator preditivo independente para o desenvolvimento de complicações pós-operatórias graves (OR=15,00, IC: 2,63-85,68; P=0,002). O melhor ponto de corte do AF obtido foi 6.0º (AUC=0,82; P=0,001) com sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e valor preditivo negativo de 76,5%, 87,0%, 81,3% e 83,4%, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: A desnutrição foi fator preditivo para o desenvolvimento de complicações graves em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia eletiva coloproctológica de grande porte. Além disso, a desnutrição foi associada a menores valores de AF e maior proporção de AEC. O AF forneceu boa acurácia no rastreamento da desnutrição, sugerindo seu uso como potencial marcador de desnutrição.

Correlation between degree of autonomic nervous system impairment and quality of life indices in older adults / Correlação entre grau de comprometimento do sistema nervoso autônomo e índices de qualidade de vida em idosos

INTRODUCTION: The increase in the world's elderly population in recent decades calls for research on quality of life during the aging process. Heart rate variability (HRV) evaluates the modulation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and indicates the heart's ability to respond to multiple physiological and environmental stimuli, as well as to disease. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the perceived quality of life of older people and its association with HRV. METHOD: Twenty-nine subjects (69 ± 7.76 years) were selected at a preventive medicine center and completed a questionnaire (World Health Organization quality of life assessment ­ old module: WHOQOL-OLD). The HRV data were collected for 20 minutes in the supine position using a Polar RS800CX frequency meter. RESULTS: Using the median value as a cut-off point, the sample was divided into two groups: WHOQOL-OLD ≥ 92 (n = 15: better quality of life) and WHOQOL-OLD ≤ 91 (n = 13; lower quality of life). For the HRV timedomain variables RMSSD and pNN50, there were higher values in the WHOQOL-OLD ≥ 92 group (p = 0.0413 and p = 0.0222, respectively). For the frequency-domain variables, low-frequency (LF), high-frequency (HF) and Total Power, there were also higher values in the WHOQOL-OLD group ≥ 92 (p = 0.0195, p = 0.0170 and p = 0.0287, respectively). The non-linear variable SD1 was significantly higher in the WHOQOL-OLD ≥ 92 group (p = 0.0413), while DET% was significantly higher in the WHOQOLOLD ≤ 91 group (p = 0.0253). CONCLUSIONS: Better quality of life in older adults is associated with normal ANS function,represented by higher values found through three HRV analysis methods. This indicates the importance of a healthy lifestyle for healthy aging, which includes improvement in autonomic function and, consequently, quality of life.

INTRODUÇÃO: O aumento do tamanho da população idosa mundial nas últimas décadas tem demandado investigações sobre a qualidade de vida durante o processo de envelhecimento. A Variabilidade da Frequência Cardíaca (HRV) avalia a modulação do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo (SNA) e indica a capacidade do coração em responder a múltiplos estímulos fisiológicos e ambientais, bem como em doenças. OBJETIVOS: Investigar a percepção da qualidade de vida de idosos e sua associação com a VFC. MÉTODOS: Vinte e nove indivíduos (69 ± 7,76 anos) foram selecionados em um Centro de Medicina Preventiva, e preencheram um questionário (World Health Organization quality of life assessment ­ old module: WHOQOL-OLD). Os dados da VFC foram coletados durante 20 minutos, com indivíduos em posição supina, com uso do frequencímetro Polar RS800CX. RESULTADOS: Utilizando o valor de mediana como ponto de corte, a amostra foi dividida em dois grupos: WHOQOL-OLD ≥ 92 (N = 15: idosos com melhor qualidade de vida) e WHOQOL-OLD ≤ 91 (N = 13: idosos com menor qualidade de vida). Considerando a VFC, no domínio do tempo, as variáveis RMSSD e pNN50 apresentaram maiores valores no grupo WHOQOL-OLD ≥ 92 (p = 0,0413 e p = 0,0222, respectivamente). No domínio da frequência, as variáveis LF, HF e Total Power apresentaram maiores valores no grupo WHOQOL-OLD ≥ 92 (p = 0,0195, p = 0,0170 e p = 0,0287, respectivamente). No domínio não linear da VFC, a variável SD1 foi significativamente maior em WHOQOL-OLD ≥ 92 (p = 0,0413), enquanto o DET% apresentou-se significativamente maior em WHOQOL-OLD ≤ 91 (p = 0,0253). CONCLUSÕES: Melhor qualidade de vida está associada ao bom funcionamento do SNA, representado pela maiores valores nos três domínios da VFC em idosos, enfatizando a importância de estilo de vida saudável no envelhecimento saudável, com melhora da função autonômica e, consequentemente, da qualidade de vida.

Genetic variants related to angiogenesis and apoptosis in patients with glioma / Variantes genéticas relacionadas à angiogênese e apoptose em pacientes com glioma

ABSTRACT Background Glioma, the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, is highly aggressive and associated with a poor prognosis. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the association of genetic polymorphisms related to angiogenesis and apoptosis with gliomas, as well as comorbidities, lifestyle, clinical profile, survival and response to treatment (temozolomide [TMZ] and radiotherapy [RT]) in patients with the disease. Methods In a total of 303 individuals, genotypes were performed by real-time PCR, and clinical data, lifestyle and comorbidities were obtained from medical records and questionnaires. The significance level was set at 5%. Results Smoking, alcohol consumption, systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and body mass index prevailed among patients, compared to controls (p < 0.05). The heterozygous genotype rs1468727 (T/C) and the homozygous genotype rs2010963 (G/G) (p > 0.05) were observed in both groups. Lifestyle and comorbidities showed independent risk factors for the disease (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0069, p = 0.0394, respectively). Patients with low-grade gliomas had a survival rate of 80.0 ± 1.7% in three years. For the combination of TMZ+RT, survival was 78.7 ± 7.6% in 20 months, compared to TMZ only (21.9 ± 5.1%, p = 0.8711). Conclusions Genetic variants were not associated with gliomas. Specific lifestyle habits and comorbidities stood out as independent risk factors for the disease. Low-grade gliomas showed an increase in patient survival with TMZ+RT treatment.

RESUMO Introdução Glioma, tumor cerebral maligno, é altamente agressivo e associado a mau prognóstico. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a associação de polimorfismos genéticos relacionados a angiogênese e apoptose em pacientes com glioma, bem como suas comorbidades, hábitos de vida, perfil clínico, sobrevida e resposta ao tratamento (temozolomida [TMZ] e radioterapia [RT]). Métodos 303 indivíduos foram genotipados por PCR em tempo real, e foram coletados dados clínicos, hábitos de vida e comorbidades. Admitiu-se nível de significância para valor p < 0,05. Resultados Tabagismo, elitismo, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, diabetes mellitus e índice de massa corporal prevaleceram entre os pacientes, comprados aos controles (p < 0,05). O genótipo heterozigoto rs1468727 (T/C) e homozigoto rs2010963 (G/G) (p > 0,05) foram observados em ambos os grupos. Tabagismo, elitismo, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, diabetes mellitus e índice de massa corporal apresentaram fatores de risco independentes para a doença (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0069, p = 0.0394, respectivamente). Os pacientes com gliomas de baixo grau apresentaram sobrevida de 80,0 ± 1,7% em três anos. Para a combinação de RT e TMZ, a sobrevida foi de 78,7±7,6% em 20 meses, em comparação com TMZ (21,9 ± 5,1%, p = 0,8711). Conclusões As variantes genéticas não estiveram associadas aos gliomas. Hábitos de vida e comorbidades específicas destacaram-se como fatores de risco independentes para a doença. O tratamento com TMZ + RT mostrou aumento na sobrevida dos pacientes.

Interações entre nutrientes e fármacos prescritos para idosos com síndrome coronariana aguda / Food-drug interactions in prescriptions for elderly with acute coronary syndrome

Introdução: As interações entre fármacos e nutrientes acarretam reações adversas e/ou ineficácia da farmacoterapia, além de provocar prejuízos no estado nutricional, sobretudo em idosos. Objetivo: Descrever a taxa de interações potenciais teóricas entre nutrientes da dieta e fármacos prescritos para idosos hospitalizados por Síndrome Coronariana Aguda em um hospital de ensino. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com delineamento descritivo e abordagem qualitativa que analisou 607 prescrições no período entre abril e julho de 2016, utilizando-se as bases de dados informatizadas Micromedex e Drugs.com. Resultados: Foram identificadas 4.313 interações distribuídas em 61 tipos entre os fármacos prescritos e nutrientes. Conclusão: Verifica-se alta taxa de interações entre fármacos e nutrientes nas prescrições para idosos com Síndrome Coronariana Aguda. Apesar do fato de que alguns nutrientes não são rotineiramente consumidos, é fundamental a revisão da prescrição e dos componentes da dieta pelo farmacêutico para evitar problemas relacionados às interações.

Introduction: Food-drug interactions result in adverse reactions and/or ineffectiveness of pharmacotherapy. Furthermore, these interactions cause nutritional losses, especially in elderly people. Objective: Describe the rate of potential theoretical interactions between nutrients of dietary and drugs prescribed for elderly people hospitalized with Acute Coronary Syndrome in a teaching hospital. Material and Methods: This isa transversal, descriptive study using a qualitative approach. We analyzed 607 prescriptions from April to July 2016. We used databases such as Micromedex and Drugs.com.Results: Weidentified 4,313 interactions, which were distributed in 61 types between the prescribed drugs and food. Conclusion: There is a high rate of food-drug interactions in the prescriptions for the elderly people with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Despite the fact that some nutrients are not routinely consumed, it is very important the revision of the prescription and diet components by the pharmacist to avoid problems related to interactions.

B-Type natriuretic peptide as a predictor of short-term mortality in on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

Abstract Objective: The present study refers to a determination of the preoperative B-type natriuretic peptide is a predictor of short-term all-cause mortality in patients undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgeries. Methods: Two hundred and twenty-one patients undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgeries were evaluated prospectively during a 30-day postoperative follow-up period. Serum B-type natriuretic peptide concentration was measured without a 24-hour period prior to the surgical procedure and the value obtained was correlated with a short-term all-cause mortality. Results: Data analysis showed that all-cause mortality rates were equal to 9.5% in 30 days. Accuracy analysis by the receiver operating characteristic curve found an ideal cut-off value of B-type natriuretic peptide equal to 150 pg/mL in relation to mortality (AUC=0.82, 95% CI=0.71-0.87, P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that B-type natriuretic peptide value greater than or equal to 150 pg/mL (P=0.030, HR=3.99, 95% CI=1.14-13.98) was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in a 30-day follow-up period. Conclusion: Preoperative serum B-type natriuretic peptide concentration is an independent predictor of short-term all-cause mortality in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass.

Bloqueio atrioventricular avançado no hiperparatireoidismo: uma complicação rara e irreversível / Advanced atrioventricular block in hyperparathyroidism: a rare and irreversible complication

Hiperparatireoidismo associado a hipercalcemia causando bradicardia significativa é uma combinação rara. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente de 62 anos de idade em pré-operatório de paratireoidectomia total decorrente de hiperparatireoidismo primário sintomático, que evoluiu com bloqueio atrioventricular avançado percebido durante a internação. A paciente necessitou de implante de marcapasso definitivo, pois permaneceu com bloqueio cardíaco avançado mesmo após correção da hipercalcemia

The combination of hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia leading to significant bradycardia is rare. Here we report the case of a 62-year -old female patient in the preoperatory of a total parathyroidectomy due to symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism, which evolved with an advanced atrioventricular block during hospitalization. The patient required a definitive pacemaker implantation, since the advanced heart block persisted after the correction of hypercalcemia

Interações medicamentosas em prescrições para idosos hospitalizados com Síndrome Coronariana Aguda / Drug-drug interactions in prescriptions for hospitalized elderly with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Objetivou-se determinar a taxa de interações medicamentosas potenciais teóricas em prescrições para idosos diagnosticados com Síndrome Coronariana Aguda em um hospital de ensino. Estudo descritivo exploratório com análise de 607 prescrições através de bases de dados informatizadas para identificar e classificar as interações de acordo com a intensidade (maior, moderada ou menor), mecanismo (farmacocinético ou farmacodinâmico) e relevância da documentação. Foram detectadas 10.162 interações, distribuídas entre 554 tipos de combinações diferentes dentre os medicamentos prescritos, e 99% das prescrições apresentaram pelo menos uma e máximo de 53 interações, destacando-se a prevalência de maiores e moderadas. Houve correlação entre o número de interações e o número de medicamentos prescritos e o tempo de hospitalização. Este estudo contribui para a delimitação do padrão de prevalência das interações medicamentosas em prescrições para Síndrome Coronariana Aguda, além de subsidiar a importância da implantação efetiva da Farmácia Clínica em hospitais de ensino.

The objective was to determine the rate of potential drug-drug interactions in prescriptions for elderly diagnosed with Acute Coronary Syndrome in a teaching hospital. This is an exploratory, descriptive study that analyzed 607 prescriptions through databases to identify and classify the interactions based on intensity (major, moderate or minor), the mechanism (pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamics) and documentation relevance. We detected 10,162 drug-drug interactions, distributed in 554 types of different combinations within the prescribed drugs, and 99% of prescriptions presented at least one and a maximum of 53 interactions; highlighting the prevalence of major and moderates ones. There was a correlation between the number of drug-drug interactions and the number of prescribed drugs and the hospitalization time. This study contributes for the delimitation of a prevalence pattern in drug-drug interactions in prescriptions for Acute Coronary Syndrome, besides subsidizing the importance of the effective implementation of the Clinical Pharmacy in teaching hospitals.

Recurrence plots: a new tool for quantification of cardiac autonomic nervous system recovery after transplant

Abstract Objective: To evaluate a possible evolutionary post-heart transplant return of autonomic function using quantitative and qualitative information from recurrence plots. Methods: Using electrocardiography, 102 RR tachograms of 45 patients (64.4% male) who underwent heart transplantation and that were available in the database were analyzed at different follow-up periods. The RR tachograms were collected from patients in the supine position for about 20 minutes. A time series with 1000 RR intervals was analyzed, a recurrence plot was created, and the following quantitative variables were evaluated: percentage of determinism, percentage of recurrence, average diagonal length, Shannon entropy, and sample entropy, as well as the visual qualitative aspect. Results: Quantitative and qualitative signs of heart rate variability recovery were observed after transplantation. Conclusion: There is evidence that autonomic innervation of the heart begins to happen gradually after transplantation. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of recurrence can be useful tools for monitoring cardiac transplant patients and detecting the gradual return of heart rate variability.